文章来源：朱永安 中国文化报

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原标题：公共文化服务保障法草案（稿）征求意见，部分人大代表、政协委员、专家建议：美术馆应纳入公共文化服务保障法调整范围

党的十八届四中全会明确提出，制定公共文化服务保障法，促进基本公共文化服务标准化、均等化。十二届全国人大常委会将公共文化服务保障法列入本届五年立法规划。为深入推进科学立法、民主立法，5月11日至6月11日，全国人大教科文卫委员会将其牵头组织起草的公共文化服务保障法草案（稿）向社会公开征求意见。草案（稿）第十二条指出：“本法所称公共文化设施是指用于提供公共文化服务的图书馆、博物馆、文化馆（站）、科技馆、纪念馆、体育场、工人文化宫、青少年宫、妇女儿童活动中心，村（社区）综合文化服务中心、农家书屋、城乡阅报栏（屏）、广播电视播出传输设施、公共数字文化服务点以及其他建筑物、场地和设备。”尽管该条所列公共文化场所、设施较为详细，但却没有被并称为“三馆”之一的美术馆。这在美术界和美术馆界引起热议。

近年来，“文化惠民”不仅是美术馆界积极工作的目标宗旨，能否提供优质公共文化服务也成为评价美术馆专业化水平的重要标准之一。在此背景下，美术馆是否应该纳入公共文化服务保障法的调整范围？美术馆在我国公共文化服务体系中发挥怎样的作用？记者近日采访了部分文化界人大代表、政协委员和有关专家学者。

公共服务，美术馆的题中之义

2011年，美术馆与公共图书馆、文化馆站并称为“三馆”，一同进入免费开放行列。数据显示，2011年全国美术馆参观人数为1462.34万人次，2012年为2119.19万人次，2013年为2856万人次，2014年为2939.8万人次。参观人数大幅上升，反映出人们对美术文化的日益关注和对美术馆服务的迫切需求。

2011年上海美术馆免费开放首日观众爆棚的场面让人记忆犹新。如今它变身为中华艺术宫后，不仅场馆面积更大，每天的观众数量为8000至1万人次。全国政协委员、中华艺术宫（上海美术馆）馆长施大畏说，美术馆展览要把中国百年来的艺术探索追求与今天的艺术目标联系起来，要能把故事讲好，而不是简单告诉观众谁的画多么好、技巧如何。“经过志愿者的讲解、微信平台、艺术讲座等传播形式，让观众知道绘画其实不单单是‘艺术家自己在玩’，能够看到艺术与社会文化发展的关系，能够感受中国近百年来的文化发展史。美术馆这种知识再生产的作用十分重要，正因为此，其在公共文化服务体系中的独特作用是其他机构设施替代不了的。”施大畏说。

显然，提供优质公共文化服务是美术馆专业化建设的题中之义。免费开放后，新变化为美术馆带来了新契机，也带来了不小的挑战。没有了购票的门槛，如何让观众更主动地走进美术馆乃至热爱美术馆，成为业界不得不面对的问题。于是，美术馆的公共教育推广活动开始增多。2014年的统计数据显示，除举办展览外，中国美术馆举办公共教育、普及讲座等活动70余场；中华艺术宫（上海美术馆）举办公共教育活动160余场；江苏省美术馆举办公共教育活动110场；广州艺术博物院把展览讲座送到区县图书馆、学校等地；作为基层美术馆的吉林省通化市美术馆，举办讲座、公共教育活动30场；上海市普陀区美术馆（刘海粟美术馆分馆）举办公共教育活动12场；江苏省苏州市姑苏区金鸡湖美术馆举办公共教育活动32场……

2012年起，文化部组织实施全国美术馆馆藏精品展出季，3年来，共推出各美术馆基于自身藏品策划举办的精品展览98个，展出各类近现代美术精品1.2万余件。在相关媒体报道中，《人民日报》以《免费时代如何充分利用藏品——从国家收藏到文化共享》、《为学术，向民间》为题两次进行深入报道，《光明日报》以《放大公共文化服务的社会效益》为题进行了报道，新华社、《中国艺术报》、《中国文化报》等也围绕公众参与情况予以持续关注。透过诸多媒体视角不难发现，“公共服务”已然成为了美术馆工作的核心。

美术文化，不可或缺的公共文化

近年来，我国美术馆建设如雨后春笋。据不完全统计，截至2014年，我国国有美术馆和民营美术馆达500余家。除了各大城市纷纷建立美术馆，很多基层乃至边疆地区也都建立了具有地域特色的美术馆。

“在西方，博物馆和美术馆没有严格的概念区分，美术馆被称作艺术博物馆。中国的博物馆以陈列包括古代绘画在内的古代文物为主，美术馆主要陈列20世纪以来的现当代美术作品。博物馆和美术馆不同，这是我国一种习惯的认识。”全国政协常委、中国美术家协会名誉主席靳尚谊认为，古代文物中很多是当时的工艺品、祭祀器具，现代美术作品虽然历史不像古代文物那样久远，但艺术家的创作却是独一无二，经典作品的文化价值同样需要珍视，“公益性美术馆应该纳入公共文化服务法律保障范畴，这有利于更好发挥其传播美术文化的作用。”

全国人大代表、中国美术学院院长许江认为，美术馆的建设不仅对当地美术创作、艺术普及发挥着积极作用，更长远地看，对于城市文化发展、公民素养的提升、核心价值观的弘扬和传播都具有“发动机的作用”。

“美术馆承担着传播视觉文化的一大块内容，应该纳入公共文化服务体系。在大众传播上，美术有一定的局限，要求欣赏者有一定的基础，它不像看一场电影、听一场音乐会那样具有很强的消费性，但是千万不要因为这一点而忽略它。我们民族有着很好的视觉文化传统，有独特的中国绘画、书法，这些都涵养着我们民族的心灵，美术文化在公共文化供给中不可或缺。西方人到各地去，不一定要看所谓的‘西湖印象’，而要到博物馆、美术馆看一个地方的历史文化和现代艺术。文化不能只是娱乐和消费，应该提倡大家走进美术馆，静下心来和艺术品交流，让心灵受到感动、教育、开拓和提升。”许江说。

施大畏也认为，人们需要文化馆、社区活动中心，需要到图书馆借书阅读，但对于今天的很多人来说，仅仅有地方玩、有地方文化休闲已经不够。年轻一代有着多元的文化需求，要让每个人都能够找到他们需要的文化场所和文化生活，而美术馆文化已经成为越来越多人的选择。

聚焦专业，美术馆事业急需法律保障

一些美术馆展陈形式僵化不能吸引人；一些人利用美术馆展览炒作个人作品价格；一些商业机构以展览为名行售卖作品之实……毋庸讳言，相对于博物馆、图书馆等发展历史较长的公共文化场所，美术馆事业存在起步晚、底子薄、概念混淆、人才紧缺等问题。

“美术馆在公共文化服务体系中十分重要。从蔡元培起就提倡美育，保障法草案（稿）也明确提出支持开展全民阅读、艺术普及等活动，所以美术馆应该纳入公共文化服务保障法相关条目。但这个疏漏也确实反映了一个问题：为什么图书馆、博物馆、文化馆没有被忽略？这值得美术馆界思考。”北京大学教授李国新认为，美术馆需要认真研究探索如何在公共文化服务体系中发挥更大的作用。公共文化服务中的美术馆不是简单的收藏或者研究机构，给人的印象不能停留在简单挂几张画或“高大上”的个人画展上。“一定要结合老百姓的需求，把专业性的研究成果转化成老百姓能够接受的、有效的公共文化产品，美术馆在数字化、智能化等方面可以多做探索，以创新吸引观众。”李国新建议。

施大畏分析了当前可能存在的问题和误区，一些非公益性的所谓美术馆急需整顿，美术市场上一些不尽人意的现象影响了美术界的声誉，艺术创作不要做市场的奴隶，美术馆作为学术机构，也要聚焦专业，不被市场绑架，要正本清源，把满足社会的文化需求作为美术馆明确的责任。

靳尚谊坦言，一些美术馆现存的问题简单说就是“不正规”，包括缺少固定陈列、收取场租举办参差不齐的个展等问题。当前的问题是暂时的，最终都需要专业化的发展来解决，而这也恰恰需要相关法律法规予以保障和规范。

不妨将视角回到“六一”儿童节，许多美术馆艺术普及功能得到很好发挥。在中国美术馆，百余名打工子弟学校学生参加了此间举办的“童绘美丽家园”大型公益专场活动；在江苏省美术馆、浙江美术馆、深圳关山月美术馆等全国各大美术馆，少儿甲骨文趣味活动、“你来创作《怪物经》”“童行·一起长大”艺术展、“趣味扎染T恤大变身”等特色活动异彩纷呈，美术馆的价值正不断凸显。Related: madyn gwynne biography, why did julian ovenden leave the royal tv show, summit grill nutrition facts, kumon placement test, falicia blakely death, engagement gifts for couple, tennessee tech women’s basketball records, advantages and disadvantages of federal versus state court, ibew local 47 traffic control wages, hagerstown, md arrests, apartments for rent by owner in southington, connecticut, frommer stop airsoft, black and tan cane corso, dell s2721dgf color calibration settings, timothy o’leary obituary,Related: monica progressive commercial cast, cartier santos de cartier automatic, concert t shirts 2022, nyu continuing education courses, santa cruz weather by month, corrugated box manufacturers in mumbai, hollister jeans sale end date, petrobras news releases, how much snow did branson missouri get, 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